Kua tīmata te aro nui o ngā kamupene whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki te muka ki te kāinga (FTTH).
Huri noa i te ao, e āhei ai ngā hangarau ki te whanake tere. Ko ngā whatunga whatu hohe (AON) me ngā whatunga whatu kore mahi (PON) ngā pūnaha matua e rua e taea ai ngā hononga whānui FTTH. Ko ngā PON ka taea te whakarato i ngā otinga utu-whai hua he mea noa ake i roto i te nuinga o ngā whakatinanatanga FTTH. Ka whakaurua te ABC o te PON i roto i tēnei tuhinga, e uru ana ki ngā wāhanga taketake me ngā hangarau e pā ana tae atu ki te OLT, ONT, ONU, me te ODN.
Te Whakamārama mō te PON: Te Whakamārama, Ngā Paerewa me Ngā Painga
Ko te whatunga whatu korekore e pā ana ki tētahi whatunga muka whatu e whakamahi ana i tētahi āhuarangi tohu-ki-maha-ira me ngā wehewehe whatu hei tuku raraunga mai i tētahi pūwāhi tuku kotahi ki ngā pūwāhi mutunga kaiwhakamahi maha. He rerekē ki te AON, he maha ngā kiritaki e hono ana ki tētahi whakawhiti kotahi mā te rākau peka o ngā muka me ngā wae wehewehe/whakakotahi korekore, e mahi katoa ana i roto i te rohe whatu, ā, kāore he hiko i roto i te hoahoa PON. E rua ngā paerewa PON matua o nāianei: ko te Whatunga Whatu Korekore Gigabit (GPON) me te Whatunga Whatu Korekore Ethernet (EPON). He rite tonu ō rāua hanganga āhuarangi. Hei whiringa tuatahi i roto i te maha o ngā horopaki whakatinanatanga FTTH, he maha ngā painga nui o te otinga PON:
Te Whakamahinga Mana Iti
He iti ake te wāhi e hiahiatia ana
Te Whānuitanga o te Aratuku
Haumarutanga Taumata-teitei
Ngāwari ake te Tāuta me te Whakawhanui
Ngā Utu Whakahaere me te Whakahaere kua Whakaitihia
Hanganga me ngā Wāhanga PON
I roto i te pūnaha Whatunga Whatu Āhua Gigabit Ethernet Passive (GEPON), kei te tari matua o te kaiwhakarato ratonga he pūrua raina whatu (OLT) me ētahi waeine whatunga whatu (ONU) me ngā pūrua whatunga whatu (ONT) e tata ana ki ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga, me te wehewehe whatu (SPL). Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia hoki te whatunga tohatoha whatu (ODN) i te wā e tukuna ana i waenga i te OLT me te ONU/ONT.
Teihana Raina Whatu (OLT)
Ko te OLT te tīmatanga mō te whatunga whatu kore mahi, e hono ana ki tētahi pana matua mā roto i ngā taura Ethernet. Ko te mahi matua o te OLT he huri, he anga, he tuku tohu mō te whatunga PON me te whakarite i ngā pito whatunga whatu e whakarea ana mō te tuku whakawhiti i runga ake. I te nuinga o te wā, kei roto i ngā taputapu OLT he whatanga, he CSM (Mana me te Whakawhiti), he ELM (EPON Link Module, kāri PON), he parenga tauutuutu -48V DC ngā waeine tuku hiko, he waeine tuku hiko 110/220V AC rānei, me ngā pā. I roto i ēnei wāhanga, ka tautoko te kāri PON me te tuku hiko i te whakawhiti wera, ā, kei roto tētahi atu waeine. E rua ngā ahunga rere o te OLT: i runga ake (te tohatoha i ngā momo raraunga me ngā waka reo rerekē mai i ngā kaiwhakamahi) me raro iho (te tiki raraunga, reo, me ngā waka ataata mai i te whatunga metro, mai i tētahi whatunga tawhiti rānei, me te tuku atu ki ngā waeine ONT katoa i runga i te ODN.) Ko te tawhiti mōrahi e tautokona ana mō te tuku puta noa i te ODN he 20 km.
Wāhanga Whatunga Whatu (ONU) / Pūrua Whatunga Whatu (ONT)
Ka hurihia e te ONU ngā tohu whatu e tukuna ana mā roto i ngā muka hei tohu hiko. Kātahi ka tukuna ēnei tohu hiko ki ngā kaiohauru takitahi. I te nuinga o te wā, he whatunga tawhiti, he whatunga urunga rānei i waenganui i te ONU me ngā wāhi o te kaiwhakamahi mutunga. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te ONU te tuku, te kohikohi, me te whakarite i ngā momo raraunga rerekē e puta mai ana i te kiritaki, ka tukuna atu ki te OLT. Ko te whakarite te tukanga e arotau ana, e whakarite ana hoki i te rerenga raraunga kia pai ake ai te tuku. Ka tautoko te OLT i te tohatoha whānui e āhei ai te tukunga maeneene o ngā raraunga ki te OLT, e tae mai ana i te nuinga o te wā mai i te kiritaki. Ka taea te hono atu i te ONU mā roto i ngā tikanga me ngā momo taura rerekē, pērā i te waea parahi takirua-whiri, te taura coaxial, te muka whatu, mā te Wi-Fi rānei.
Ka taea hoki te kī ko ngā taputapu kaiwhakamahi mutunga ko te pūrua whatunga whatu (ONT). Inaa, he rite tonu te ONT ki te ONU i te tikanga. Ko te ONT he kupu ITU-T, ko te ONU ia he kupu IEEE. Nō ngā tinana paerewa rerekē, e rua ēnei e pā ana ki ngā taputapu taha-kaiwhakamahi i roto i te pūnaha GEPON. Engari i roto i te mahi, he iti te rerekētanga i waenga i te ONT me te ONU i runga i tō rāua wāhi.
Whatunga Tohatoha Whatu (ODN)
Ko te ODN, he wāhanga nui o te pūnaha PON, e whakarato ana i te reo whakawhiti whatu mō te hononga ā-tinana o ngā ONU ki ngā OLT me te tawhiti 20 kiromita, neke atu rānei. I roto i te ODN, ka mahi tahi ngā taura muka whatu, ngā hononga muka whatu, ngā wehewehe whatu kore mahi, me ngā wāhanga āwhina. E rima ngā wāhanga o te ODN, arā, ko te muka whāngai, te pūwāhi tohatoha whatu, te muka tohatoha, te pūwāhi urunga whatu, me te muka taka. Ka tīmata te muka whāngai mai i te anga tohatoha whatu (ODF) i roto i te rūma whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tari matua, ā, ka mutu ki te pūwāhi tohatoha whatu mō te kapinga tawhiti. Ka tohatohahia e te muka tohatoha mai i te pūwāhi tohatoha whatu ki te pūwāhi urunga whatu ngā muka whatu mō ngā wāhi i tōna taha. Ka hono te muka taka i te pūwāhi urunga whatu ki ngā pito (ONT), ka tutuki ai te takanga muka whatu ki ngā kāinga kaiwhakamahi. Hei tāpiri, ko te ODN te ara tino nui ki te tuku raraunga PON, ā, ka pā tika tōna kounga ki te mahi, te pono, me te tauine o te pūnaha PON.
Whakamutunga
Ko te OLT, te ONU, te ONT rānei, me te ODN ngā wāhanga matua o te pūnaha GEPON, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tono FTTH. Ko te iti o te hanganga taura (kāore he wāhanga hohe) me te tuku pāpāho ngāwari e whai wāhi ana ki te pai ake o ngā whatunga whatu kore mahi mō te Ipurangi kāinga, te reo, me ngā tono ataata. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā whatunga whatu kore mahi i roto i ngā puni kāreti me ngā taiao pakihi, e whakarato ana i ngā otinga utu-whai hua. I te mea kei te haere tonu te whakapai ake o te hangarau PON, kua whānui hoki ngā tono ka taea.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-14-2022